Cold Sterilization of Coconut Water by Membrane Technology and UV-C

Coconut water contains amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants, and mineral, which are beneficial for human health. However, rapid degradation of coconut water due to the presence of protein, fat, and microbes has led to short shelf life and coconut water’s rancidity. Sterilization of coconut water by heat treatment has been proven to be effective in microorganism elimination, but results in major changes of coconut water’s sensory attributes. In this research, cold sterilization of coconut water was conducted by using ultrafiltration membrane and UV-C to preserve the sensory properties and nutritional components in coconut water. The radiation dose of UV-C and operating pressure of ultrafiltration membrane was varied to obtain the optimum operating condition. The sterilization process by UV-C did not remove fat and protein, which are the rancidity-causing components. In ultrafiltration sterilization, fat and protein can be removed by 74% and 31.37%. Superior microorganism elimination by ultrafiltration was obtained at 99.9999%, compared to that by UV-C at 90%. The ultrafiltration also retained the coconut water’s pH, total soluble solid, and flavor, while improved its clarity. At optimum operating pressure of 0.25 bar, the coconut water’s shelf life of 3 days, according to the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), can be achieved

PENINGKATAN LIFE SKILL MELALUI PELATIHAN MEUBEL BAGI KELOMPOK PEMUDA TOBATI DI KELURAHAN VIM DISTRIK ABEPURA KOTA JAYAPURA

Generally unemployment is a social problem that faced by Jayapura government, especially in Tobati youth. Thus it needs to be overcome by life skills education such as guidance and training to improve their knowledge and skills, especially in furniture (meeting tables). In essence, this service activity is expected to be a solution to the problems faced by the community through job skills training activities in order to increase the ability to support the life skills they face.Keywords: Life Skill: Meubel; Jayapur

On Special forms of Splicing on Arrays and Graphs

Tom Head (1987), in his pioneering work on formal language theory applied to DNA computing, introduced a new operation of splicing on strings, while proposing a model of certain recombination behaviour of DNA molecules under the action of restriction enzymes and ligases. Since then this operation has been studied in great depth giving rise to a number of theoretical results of great interest in formal language theory. Extension of this operation of splicing to higher dimensional structures such as circular words, arrays, trees and graphs have been proposed in the literature. Here we examine the effect of certain specific forms of the splicing operation applied to arrays and graphs

Purifying stem cell-derived red blood cells:a high-throughput label-free downstream processing strategy based on microfluidic spiral inertial separation and membrane filtration

Cell-based therapeutics, such as in vitro manufactured red blood cells (mRBC), are different to traditional biopharmaceutical products (the final product being the cells themselves as opposed to biological molecules such as proteins) and that presents a challenge of developing new robust and economically feasible manufacturing processes, especially for sample purification. Current purification technologies have limited throughput, rely on expensive fluorescent or magnetic immuno-labelling with a significant (up to 70%) cell loss and quality impairment. To address this challenge, previously characterised mechanical properties of umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells undergoing in vitro erythropoiesis were used to develop a mRBC purification strategy. The approach consists of two main stages: (1) a microfluidic separation using inertial focusing for deformability-based sorting of enucleated cells (mRBC) from nuclei and nucleated cells resulting in 70% purity and (2) membrane filtration to enhance the purity to 99%. Herein, we propose a new route for high-throughput (processing millions of cells /min and mls of medium /min) purification process for mRBC, leading to high mRBC purity while maintaining cells integrity and no alterations in their global gene expression profile. Further adaption of this separation approach offers a potential route for processing of a wide range of cellular products

Computing with Membranes and Picture Arrays

Splicing systems were introduced by Tom Head [3] on biological considerations to model certain recombinant behaviour of DNA molecules. An effective extension of this operation to images was introduced by Helen Chandra et al. [5] and H array splicing systems were considered. A new method of applying the splicing operation on images of hexagonal arrays was introduced by Thomas et al. [12] and generated a new class of hexagonal array languages HASSL. On the other hand, P systems, introduced by Paun [6] generating rectangular arrays and hexagonal arrays have been studied in the literature, bringing together the two areas of theoretical computer science namely membrane computing and picture languages. P system with array objects and parallel splicing operation on arrays is introduced as a simple and effective extension of P system with operation of splicing on strings and this new class of array languages is compared with the existing families of array languages. Also we propose another P system with hexagonal array objects and parallel splicing operation on hexagonal arrays is introduced and this new class of hexagonal array languages is compared with the existing families of hexagonal array languages

Cross-cultural differences in early caregiving: levels of mind-mindedness and instruction in UK and India

IntroductionMost studies on parenting and its role in child development are conducted in Western countries, but it cannot be assumed that characteristics of parental practices are similar in non-Western settings. Research characterizing cultural differences in parenting is required to inform the focus of studies designed to test differential outcomes from such practices in children over time and across cultures. The present cross-cultural study examined differences in maternal speech during mother–child interactions, and, specifically, in the use of mind-mindedness, instruction and control, and the expression of warmth (i.e., positive comments).MethodsWe observed 100 dyads (50 from the UK and 50 from India) during mother-infant play interactions at 7 months. Maternal speech was transcribed and translated prior to independent coding, and this was coded using established measures together with a newly developed measure of “Instructions”.ResultsSubstantially large differences between UK and Indian mothers were observed. Compared with UK mothers, Indian mothers made fewer mind-minded comments about their infants, and they issued more instructions and made more controlling and positive comments. Findings from this study might reflect cultural differences in how parental style might be expressed according to cultural priorities and values.ConclusionsThe implications of these very large differences in parenting across cultures for child development remain to be investigated and are discussed in the present paper

Genomic instability in human cancer: molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition

Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology